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RESOURCES: Research: Fertility

Nutrition and lifestyle choices impact fertility and visa versa. Below you'll find research studies to support this.

Dairy
Endometriosis
Lifestyle
Male
Ovulation
PCOS
Stress
Vitamins/Supplements/Nutrients For Women
Weight
Yoga

DAIRY
- A prospective study of dairy foods intake and anovulatory infertility. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner B, Willett WC. (Hum Reprod. 2007 May;22(5):1340-7. Epub 2007 Feb 28)

ENDOMETRIOSIS
- Endometriosis, dysmenorrhea and diet--what is the evidence? Fjerbaek A, Knudsen UB. (Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007 Jun;132(2):140-7. Epub 2007 Jan 8)
- Environmental PCB exposure and risk of endometriosis. Louis GM, Weiner JM, Whitcomb BW, Sperrazza R, Schisterman EF, Lobdell DT, Crickard K, Greizerstein H, Kostyniak PJ. (Hum Reprod. 2005 Jan;20(1):279-85. Epub 2004 Oct 28)
- Selected food intake and risk of endometriosis. Parazzini F, Chiaffarino F, Surace M, Chatenoud L, Cipriani S, Chiantera V, Benzi G, Fedele L. (Hum Reprod. 2004 Aug;19(8):1755-9. Epub 2004 Jul 14)
- The effect of dietary supplementation with fish oil fatty acids on surgically induced endometriosis in the rabbit. Covens AL, Christopher P, Casper RF. (Fertil Steril. 1988 Apr;49(4):698-703)
- The link between environmental toxicant exposure and endometriosis. Anger DL, Foster WG.(Front Biosci. 2008 Jan 1;13:1578-93)


LIFESTYLE
- Cigarette smoking and fertility in and fertility in women and men. Sépaniak S, Forges T, Monnier-Barbarino P. (Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2006 Oct;34(10):945-9)
- Environment, lifestyle and infertility--an inter-generational issue. Sharpe RM, Franks S. (Nat Cell Biol. 2002 Oct;4 Suppl:s33-40)
- Female and male lifestyle habits and IVF: what is known and unknown. Klonoff-Cohen H. (Human Reproduction Update 2005 11(2):180-204; doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh059)
- Life-style factors and female infertility. Buck GM, Sever LE, Batt RE, Mendola P. (Epidemiology. 1997 Jul;8(4):435-41)
- Smoking, alcohol and caffeine in relation to ovarian age during the reproductive years. Kinney A, Kline J, Kelly A, Reuss ML, Levin B. (Hum Reprod. 2007 Apr;22(4):1175-85. Epub 2007 Jan 29.)
- The impact of lifestyle factors on reproductive performance in the general population and those undergoing infertility treatment: a review. Homan GF, Davies M, Norman R. (Hum Reprod Update. 2007 May-Jun;13(3):209-23. Epub 2007 Jan 5)


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MALE
- A double-blind randomized placebo cross-over controlled trial using the antioxidant vitamin E to treat reactive oxygen species associated male infertility. Kessopoulou E, Powers HJ, Sharma KK, Pearson MJ, Russell JM, Cooke ID, Barratt CL. (Fertil Steril. 1995 Oct;64(4):825-31)
- Antioxidant intake is associated with semen quality in healthy men. (Hum Reprod. 2005 Apr;20(4):1006-12. Epub 2005 Jan 2)
- Civil war and male infertility in Lebanon. Kobeissi L, Inhorn MC, Hannoun AB, Hammoud N, Awwad J, Abu-Musa AA. (Fertil Steril. 2007 Oct 3)
- Coenzyme q10 supplementation in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: an open, uncontrolled pilot study. Balercia G, Mosca F, Mantero F, Boscaro M, Mancini M, Ricciardo-Lamonica G and Littarru G. (Fertility & Steril. 2004 Jan;(81): 93-98)
- Effects of dietary selenium on sperm motility in healthy men. Hawkes WC, Turek PJ. (J Androl. 2001 Sep-Oct;22(5):764-72)
- Effects of dietary zinc depletion on seminal volume and zinc loss, serum testosterone concentrations, and sperm morphology in young men. Hunt CD, Johnson PE, Herbel J, Mullen LK. (Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jul;56(1):148-57)
- Effects of folic acid and zinc sulfate on male factor subfertility: a double-blind, randomized, placebo- controlled trial. Wong WY, Merkus HM, Thomas CM, Menkveld R, Zielhuis GA, Steegers-Theunissen RP. (Fertil Steril. 2002 Mar;77(3):491-8)
- High lead levels may contribute to male infertility Benoff S, Centola GM, Millan C, Napolitano B, Marmar JL, Hurley IR. (Hum Reprod. 2003 Feb;18(2):374-83.)
- Is milk responsible for male reproductive disorders? Ganmaa D, Wang PY, Qin LQ, Hoshi K, Sato A. (Med Hypotheses. 2001 Oct;57(4):510-4)
- Improvement in human semen quality after oral supplementation of vitamin C. Akmal M, Qadri JQ, Al-Waili NS, Thangal S, Haq A, Saloom KY. (J Med Food. 2006 Fall;9(3):440-2)
- A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial of the use of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl-carnitine treatment in men with asthenozoospermia. Lenzi A, Sgrò P, Salacone P, Paoli D, Gilio B, Lombardo F, Santulli M, Agarwal A, Gandini L. (Fertil Steril. 2004 Jun;81(6):1578-84)
- Sperm swim better with carnitine. Garolla. (Fertility and Steril. 2005 Feb; (83): 355-361)
- The role of food supplements in the treatment of the infertile man. Comhaire F, Mahmoud A. (Reprod Biomed Online. 2003 Oct-Nov;7(4):385-91)
- The effect of coenzyme Q10 on sperm motility and function. Lewin A, Lavon H. (Mol Aspects Med. 1997;18 Suppl:S213-9.)
- Sperm oxidative stress and the effect of an oral vitamin E and selenium supplement on semen quality in infertile men. Keskes-Ammar L, Feki-Chakroun N, Rebai T, Sahnoun Z, Ghozzi H, Hammami S, Zghal K, Fki H, Damak J, Bahloul A. (Arch Androl. 2003 Mar-Apr;49(2):83-94)
- Whole blood mercury concentrations in sub-fertile men in Hong Kong Leung TY, Choy CMY, Yim SF, Lam CWKL, Haines CJ. (The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2001 Feb;(41):75-77)


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OVULATION
- A prospective study of dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality in relation to risk of ovulatory infertility. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC. (Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep 19)
- Diet and lifestyle in prevention of ovulatory disorder infertility. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC. (Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Nov;110(5):1050-80)
- Dietary fatty acid intakes and the risk of ovulatory infertility. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan;85(1):231-7)
- Protein intake and ovulatory infertility. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC. (Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Feb;198(2):210.e1-7)


PCOS

- Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome. (Fertil Steril. 2008 Feb 1)
- Dietary intervention versus metformin to improve the reproductive outcome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A prospective comparative study. (Saudi Med J. 2007 Nov;28(11):1694-9)
- Lifestyle choices, diet, and insulin sensitizers in polycystic ovary syndrome. (Endocrine. 2006 Aug;30(1):35-43)
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and other androgen excess–related conditions: can changes in dietary intake make a difference? Liepa GU, Sengupta A, Karsies D. (Nutrition in Clinical Practice, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2008 63-71)
- Role of lifestyle modification in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hoeger KM. (Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;20(2):293-310)


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STRESS
- A prospective study of psychosocial stress and fertility in women. Sanders KA, Bruce NW (Hum Reprod. 1997 Oct;12(10):2324-9)
- Behaviorally induced reproductive compromise in women and men. Berga SL (Semin Reprod Endocrinol. 1997 Feb;15(1):47-53)
- Body-mind-spirit intervention for IVF women. Chan CH, Chan CL, Ng SM, Ng EH, Ho PC (J Assist Reprod Genet. 2005 Dec;22(11-12):419-27)
- Coping style and depression level influence outcome in vitro fertilization. Demyttenaere K, Bonte L, Gheldof M, Vervaeke M, Meuleman C, Vanderschuerem D, D'Hooghe T (Fertil Steril. 1998 Jun;69(6):1026-3, Demyttenaere K, Bonte L, Gheldof M, Veraeke M, Meuleman C, Vanderschuerem D, et al.)
A study on depression and IVF outcome suggested that mind/body programs are effective in reducing the negative emotions that may impair IVF success and should be offered in conjunction with IVF treatment.
-Distress and conception in infertile women: a complementary approach. Domar AD, Friedman R, Zuttermeister PC (J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1999 Fall;54(4):196-8) In a study of 132 infertile women attending a ten-session group cognitive-behavioral treatment program, 42% of the women conceived viable pregnancies within six months of completing the program.
- Hypnosis in the treatment of functional infertility. Gravitz MA (Am J Clin Hypn. 1995 Jul;38(1):22-6)
- Impact of group psychological interventions on pregnancy rates in infertile women. Domar AD, Clapp D, Slawsby EA, Dusek J, Kessel B, Freizinger M (Fertil Steril. 2000 Apr;73(4):805-11)
- Psychological aspects of in vitro fertilization: a review. Eugster A, Vingerhoets AJ (Soc Sci Med. 1999 Mar;48(5):575-89)
- Psychological improvement in infertile women after behavioral treatment: a replication. Domar AD, Zuttermeister PC, Seibel M, Benson H (Fertil Steril 58(1): 144-7)
- Relationship between psychological stress and semen quality among in-vitro fertilization patients. Clarke RN, Klock SC, Geoghegan A, Travassos DE (Hum Reprod. 1999 Mar;14(3):753-8)
- Stress, infertility linked in study by Magee-Womens Research Institute Berga SL Loucks T. Krohn M, Cameron J, Marcus M (Results presented at ‘Endo 2001,’ the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society)
- The diagnosis and treatment of stress-induced anovulation. Berga SL, Loucks TL (Minerva Ginecol. 2005 Feb;57(1):45-54)
- The impact of group psychological interventions on distress in infertile women. Domar, Clapp, Slawsby, Dusek, Kessek, and Freizinger (Health Psychol 19(6): 568-75) In a randomized study at Harvard Medical School, women who participated in a group psychological intervention had significantly increased viable pregnancy rates compared to women who had no psychological interventions.
- The mind/body program for infertility: a new behavioral treatment approach for women with infertility. Domar AD, Seibel MM, Benson H (Fertil Steril 53(2): 246-9)
- The prevalence and predictability of depression in infertile women. Domar AD, Broome A, Zuttermeister PC, Seibel M, Friedman R (Fertil Steril 58(6): 1158-63)
- The psychological impact of infertility: a comparison with patients with other medical conditions. Domar AD, Zuttermeister PC, Friedman R (J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 14 Suppl: 45-52)


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VITAMINS/SUPPLEMENTS/NUTRIENTS FOR WOMEN
- A nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women: a pilot study. Westphal LM, Polan ML, Trant AS, Mooney SB. (J Reprod Med. 2004 Apr;49(4):289-93)
- Dietary fatty acid intakes and the risk of ovulatory infertility. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan;85(1):231-7)
- Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Fertilityblend: a nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women. Westphal LM, Polan ML, Trant AS. (Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2006;33(4):205-8)
- Effect of B vitamins and genetics on success of in-vitro fertilisation: prospective cohort study. Haggarty P, McCallum H, McBain H, Andrews K, Duthie S, McNeill G, Templeton A, Haites N, Campbell D, Bhattacharya S. (Lancet. 2006 May 6;367(9521):1513-9)
- Iron intake and risk of ovulatory infertility. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC. (Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Nov;108(5):1145-52)
- Nutritional supplement improves fertility in women. Westphal L, Polan ML, Trant AS, Mooney SB. (Journal of Women's Health. May2005;14(4):365)
- Nutritional supplement improves fertility in women. (Fertility Blend)
- Protein intake and ovulatory infertility. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC. (Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Feb;198(2):210.e1-7)
- The use of herbs and dietary supplements in gynecology: an evidence-based review. Dennehy CE. (J Midwifery Womens Health. 2006 Nov-Dec;51(6):402-9)
- Use of multivitamins, intake of B vitamins, and risk of ovulatory infertility. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC. (Fertil Steril. 2007 Jul 9)
- Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of luteal phase defects due to latent hyperprolactinemia. Results of a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Milewicz A, Gejdel E, Sworen H, Sienkiewicz K, Jedrzejak J, Teucher T, Schmitz H. (Arzneimittelforschung. 1993 Jul;43(7):752-6)


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WEIGHT
- Encourage healthy BMI in patients before IVF: study of 5,800 IVF cycles shows a trend toward decreasing success rates with increasing BMIs Ryley D. (OB/GYN News 2005 Jan 1)
- Effect of a very-low-calorie diet on in vitro fertilization outcomes. Tsagareli V, Noakes M, Norman RJ. (Fertil Steril. 2006 Jul;86(1):227-9. Epub 2006 Jun 5)
- Improving reproductive performance in overweight/obese women with effective weight management. Kuchenbecker WK, Ruifrok AE, Bolster JH, Heineman MJ, Hoek A. (Hum Reprod Update. 2004 May-Jun;10(3):267-80)
- Physical activity, body mass index, and ovulatory disorder infertility. Rich-Edwards JW, Spiegelman D, Garland M, Hertzmark E, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Wand H, Manson JE. (Epidemiology. 2002 Mar;13(2):184-90)
- Subfertility in overweight women. Kuchenbecker WK, Ruifrok AE, Bolster JH, Heineman MJ, Hoek A. (Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2006 Nov 11;150(45):2479-83)


YOGA
- A randomised comparative trial of yoga and relaxation to reduce stress and anxiety. Smith C, Hancock H, Blake-Mortimer J, Eckert K. (Complement Ther Med. 2007 Jun;15(2):77-83. Epub 2006 Jun 21)
- Role of yoga in stress management. Parshad O. (West Indian Med J. 2004 Jun;53(3):191-4)
- Yoga: an adjunct to infertility treatment. Khalsa HK. (Fertil Steril. 2003 Oct;80 Suppl 4:46-51)

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